[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.prosvetkolemnas.cz\/material-lehci-nez-plast-a-silnejsi-nez-ocel\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.prosvetkolemnas.cz\/material-lehci-nez-plast-a-silnejsi-nez-ocel\/","headline":"MATERI\u00c1L LEH\u010c\u00cd NE\u017d PLAST A SILN\u011aJ\u0160\u00cd NE\u017d OCEL","name":"MATERI\u00c1L LEH\u010c\u00cd NE\u017d PLAST A SILN\u011aJ\u0160\u00cd NE\u017d OCEL","description":"Nov\u00fd supermateri\u00e1l je tvo\u0159en skvrnami grafenu, kter\u00e9 se skr\u00fdvaj\u00ed a spojuj\u00ed dohromady do rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 pavou\u010d\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. Na\u010dechran\u00e1 struktura, kter\u00e1 vypad\u00e1 trochu jako psychedelick\u00fd mo\u0159sk\u00fd tvor, je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u00fapln\u011b dut\u00e1. Jeho hustota je pouh\u00fdch 5 procent oby\u010dejn\u00e9ho grafenu. A co v\u00edc, Read More<\/a>","datePublished":"2025-03-04","dateModified":"2025-03-04","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.prosvetkolemnas.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.prosvetkolemnas.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4a857923b487546550539169ba61d16e7910c692fb61fb4681a6882b9bc918c0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4a857923b487546550539169ba61d16e7910c692fb61fb4681a6882b9bc918c0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"prosvetkolemnas.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.prosvetkolemnas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a293682_w2089_t1505882609.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.prosvetkolemnas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a293682_w2089_t1505882609.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.prosvetkolemnas.cz\/material-lehci-nez-plast-a-silnejsi-nez-ocel\/","wordCount":481,"articleBody":"Nov\u00fd supermateri\u00e1l je tvo\u0159en skvrnami grafenu, kter\u00e9 se skr\u00fdvaj\u00ed a spojuj\u00ed dohromady do rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 pavou\u010d\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. Na\u010dechran\u00e1 struktura, kter\u00e1 vypad\u00e1 trochu jako psychedelick\u00fd mo\u0159sk\u00fd tvor, je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u00fapln\u011b dut\u00e1. Jeho hustota je pouh\u00fdch 5 procent oby\u010dejn\u00e9ho grafenu.A co v\u00edc, i kdy\u017e v\u011bdci pou\u017e\u00edvali grafen, zd\u00e1nliv\u011b magick\u00e9 vlastnosti materi\u00e1lu zcela nez\u00e1vis\u00ed na pou\u017eit\u00fdch atomech. V materi\u00e1lu je je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159im\u00edchan\u00e1 utajen\u00e1 l\u00e1tka.Grafen, materi\u00e1l slo\u017een\u00fd z postupn\u00fdch vrstev atom\u016f uhl\u00edku, je nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm materi\u00e1lem na Zemi – p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm ve dvojrozm\u011brn\u00e9m listu. Na pap\u00ed\u0159e maj\u00ed ultra tenk\u00e9 listy grafenu jedine\u010dn\u00e9, elektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti a nep\u0159ekonatelnou pevnost. Tyto vlastnosti bohu\u017eel nejsou snadno p\u0159elo\u017eeny do trojrozm\u011brn\u00fdch tvar\u016f, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed v\u011bc\u00ed.Minul\u00e9 simulace nazna\u010dily, \u017ee orientace atom\u016f grafenu ur\u010dit\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem bymohly zv\u00fd\u0161it odolnost i v trojrozm\u011brn\u00e9m pou\u017eit\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, kdy\u017e se v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci pokusili vytvo\u0159it tyto materi\u00e1ly v laborato\u0159i, v\u00fdsledky byly \u010dasto stovky nebo tis\u00edckr\u00e1t slab\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo.K \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u00e9to v\u00fdzvy se muselo j\u00edt a\u017e k z\u00e1klad\u016fm anal\u00fdzy struktury na atomov\u00e9 \u00farovni. Odtud v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci vytvo\u0159ili matematick\u00fd model, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159esn\u011b p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt, jak vytvo\u0159it pozoruhodn\u011b siln\u00e9 supermateri\u00e1ly. V\u011bdci pak pou\u017e\u00edvali p\u0159esn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed tepla a tlaku, aby vytvo\u0159ili v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 zak\u0159iven\u00e9, labyrintov\u00e9 struktury zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako gyroidy, kter\u00e9 byly poprv\u00e9 matematicky pops\u00e1ny v\u011bdcem NASA v roce 1970.S\u00edla materi\u00e1lu poch\u00e1z\u00ed z jeho obrovsk\u00e9ho pom\u011bru povrchu k objemu, uvedli v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci ve studii. V p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b tak\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e1 stvo\u0159en\u00ed, jako jsou kor\u00e1l a pr\u016fsvitky, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed velk\u00fd pom\u011br povrchu k objemu, aby dos\u00e1hli neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 s\u00edly v mal\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159\u00edtk\u00e1ch.Jakmile jsme vytvo\u0159ili tyto 3D struktury, cht\u011bli jsme zjistit, co je limit – co je to nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fd materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017eeme vyrobit,“ uvedl ve sv\u00e9m prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed spoluautor Zhao Qin, v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd pracovn\u00edk civiln\u00edho a environment\u00e1ln\u00edho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed na MIT.V\u011bdci vytvo\u0159ili \u0159adu model\u016f, postavili je, a pak je podrobili nap\u011bt\u00ed a kompresi. Nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00ed pracovn\u00edci vytvo\u0159ili, byl tak hust\u00fd jako nejleh\u010d\u00ed plastov\u00fd s\u00e1\u010dek, ale siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ocel.Jednou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed t\u011bchto superlehk\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f je nedostatek v\u00fdrobn\u00ed kapacity, tvrd\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci. Existuj\u00ed v\u0161ak zp\u016fsoby, jak se materi\u00e1l m\u016f\u017ee vyr\u00e1b\u011bt ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch m\u011b\u0159\u00edtk\u00e1ch. "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"MATERI\u00c1L LEH\u010c\u00cd NE\u017d PLAST A SILN\u011aJ\u0160\u00cd NE\u017d OCEL","item":"https:\/\/www.prosvetkolemnas.cz\/material-lehci-nez-plast-a-silnejsi-nez-ocel\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]